Aqoon la'aan waa iftiin la'aan

 
 

Hepatitis C Overview

Contooyinka subaga badan Naftada iyo Caruurtada ka ilaali
 
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  Stroke Warning Signs,Halkan ka Daawo

 
Cudurka Faalidka(Stroke) sida uu ku yimaado ee loo qaado Halkan ka akhri
   

Yeast Infections Introduction ,halkan ka Daawo

Xanuunka Cuncunka iyo waxyaabaha keena

What is a vaginal yeast infection?

xanuunka cuncunka waa mid ku dhaca inta badan xubinta taranka ee haweenka, waxana keena noolaha yar ee Fungus ama yeast loo yaqaano(candida) taasi sida caadiga meelo badan oo jidhka ah iskaga nool balse aan sidaa u badnayan oo markaa aan xanuun keenin, hadii ay dhacdo in yeast ay aad u badato waxay sababta xanuuno uu cuncunku ka mid yahay, arintan oo inat badan ku timaada uu lumo isku dheelitirnanta bacteria aan xanuunka keenin e jidhkeena ku nool. cuncuntu waa ku badan dumarka , waxaa la qiyaasa in 75 boqolkiiba uu ugu yaraan mar ku dhacay noloshoooda.

A vaginal yeast infection is irritation of the vagina and the area around the vagina, called the vulva. It is caused by an overgrowth of the fungus or yeast Candida . Yeast normally live in the vagina in small numbers, but when the bacteria in the vagina become out of balance, too many yeast grow and cause an infection.

Vaginal yeast infections are very common. About 75 percent of women have a yeast infection during their lives. And almost half of women have two or more yeast infections.

What are the signs of a vaginal yeast infection?

The most common symptom of a yeast infection is extreme itchiness in and around the vagina. Other symptoms include:

  • Burning, redness, and swelling of the vagina and the area around it
  • Pain when urinating
  • Pain or discomfort during sex
  • A thick, white vaginal discharge that looks like cottage cheese and does not have a bad smell

You may only have a few of these symptoms and they may be mild or severe.

Should I call my doctor if I think I have a yeast infection?

Yes, you need to see your doctor to know for sure if you have a yeast infection, especially if you've never had one before. The signs of a yeast infection are similar to those of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) like chlamydia and gonorrhea. So, it's hard to be sure you have a yeast infection and not something more serious.

If you've had vaginal yeast infections in the past, talk to your doctor about using over-the-counter medicines.

How is a vaginal yeast infection diagnosed?

Your doctor will do a pelvic exam to look for swelling and discharge. She may also use a swab to take a sample from the vagina. A quick look under the microscope or a lab test will show if yeast is causing the problem.

Why did I get a yeast infection?

Many things can change the acidity of the vagina and boost your chances of a vaginal yeast infection. These include:

  • stress
  • lack of sleep
  • sickness
  • poor diet, or extreme intake of sugary foods
  • pregnancy
  • having your period
  • taking birth control pills
  • taking antibiotics
  • taking steroid medicines
  • diseases such as poorly-controlled diabetes and HIV infection

Can I get a yeast infection from having sex?

Yes, but it is rare. Women usually do not get yeast infections from sex. Instead, a weakened immune system is the most common cause of yeast infections.

How are yeast infections treated?

Yeast infections can be cured with antifungal medicines in the form of creams, tablets, ointments or suppositories that are inserted into the vagina. These medicines include butoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, nystatin, tioconazole and terconazole. These products can be bought over-the-counter at the drug store or grocery store. Your doctor can also prescribe you a single dose of oral fluconazole.

Infections that do not respond to these medicines are becoming more common. Using antifungal medicines when you don't really have a yeast infection can boost your risk of getting a hard-to-treat infection in the future.

Is it safe to use over-the-counter medicines for yeast infections?

Yes, but it is important to talk to your doctor first. Always call your doctor before treating yourself for a vaginal yeast infection if:

  • you are pregnant
  • you have never been diagnosed with a yeast infection
  • you are having repeat yeast infections

Studies show that two thirds of women who buy these products do not really have a yeast infection. Using these medicines incorrectly may lead to a hard-to-treat infection. Plus, treating yourself for a yeast infection when you really have another kind of infection may worsen the problem.

If you decide to use these over-the-counter medicines, be sure to read and follow the directions carefully. Some creams and inserts may weaken condoms and diaphragms.

If I have a yeast infection, does my sexual partner need to be treated?

Not unless he shows signs of a yeast infection. Rarely, men who have sex with women with yeast infections will get an itchy rash on their penis. If this happens, he should see his doctor.

What should I do if I get repeat yeast infections?

Call your doctor. About five percent of women develop four or more vaginal yeast infections in one year. This is called recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). RVVC is more common in women with diabetes or weakened immune systems. Doctors normally treat this problem with antifungal medicine for up to six months.

How can I avoid getting another yeast infection?

To help prevent vaginal yeast infections, try the following:

  • Don't use douches.
  • Avoid scented hygiene products like bubble bath, sprays, pads and tampons.
  • Change tampons and pads often during your period.
  • Don't wear tight underwear or clothes made of synthetic fibers.
  • Wear cotton underwear and pantyhose with a cotton crotch.
  • Change out of wet swimsuits and exercise clothes as soon as possible.

If you have repeat yeast infections, talk to your doctor.

For more information…

For more information on yeast infections, call the National Women's Health Information Center (NWHIC) at 1-800-994-9662 or contact the following organizations:

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Phone Number (s): (800) 448-0440
Internet Address: http://www.niaid.nih.gov

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Phone Number (s): (800) 311-3435 (Public Inquiries) or (888) 232-3228 (Information Request System)
Internet Address: http://www.cdc.gov

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Phone Number (s): (202) 863-2518 or (800) 762-2264 x 192 (for publications requests only)
Internet Address: http://www.acog.org

Planned Parenthood Federation of America
Phone Number: (800) 230-7526
Internet Address: http://www.plannedparenthood.org

This information was adapted from fact sheets from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

All material contained in the FAQs is free of copyright restrictions, and may be copied, reproduced, or duplicated without permission of the Office on Women's Health in the Department of Health and Human Services; citation of the source is appreciated.

 

 
           
                 

 

   
                 
 
 

Discovery of HIV

Inkastoo la   qariyo hadana ma qarsoonto Runtu

Sida badi la wada ogsoon yahay cudurka Aids iyo   viruska keena ee HIV loo bixyay waxa uu markii ugu horeaysay soo shaac baxay sanadii sedetamaadkii dabayaqadoodii, dalka Maraykanka, sida taariikhkhdu qiraysana laga soo bilaabo sanadkii 1978 kuwa ka mid ahaa culimada dhinaca sheybaadhada ee mahadka kontrolka cudrada faafa ay sii sheegeen inu soo bixi doono cudur cusub oo aafo badani, arintaa oo dareen ku abuurtay culimada caafimaadka ee caalamka.

Iyadi markii ugu horeasay lagu arkay astaamo cudur la garan waayay kuwa ka mid ahaa dadka dibjirada dibad yaalka ah ee magaalada New york , kuwa oo sida la sheegay hore looga talaalay cudurka cagaarshawga   (Hypetite) , arintaa oo iduna tuhunkii si kordhisay, shakiga jirana waxa uu sii batay markii ninkii dhakhtarka ahaa ee ka masuulka aha talaalka la siiya ragaa oo ka yimid asalkiisii hore dalka Poland uu markii dambe ku andacooday inuu helay Virus cusub oo cudurkan la garan waayay ka masuul ah,

Inkastoo si aad ah looga gaabsado in laga hadlo halka u asal ahaanka soo jeedo cudurkan Aids, waxa la qirsan yahay   mid hore u jiray oo si ula kac ah dabacadihiisa wax loga badalay, iyada oo lagu sameeyay waxa loo yaqaano Mutation oo ah inuu Virus noq mid markasta   is badala oo si dhib yar loo dawayn karin, si kasta arintu ha ahatee cudurkan Aids waxa lagu tilmaama inuu yahay qaladkii ugu wayna ee la galay dhinaca caafimaadka.

    The earliest reports of a new disease, scientists around the world focused their efforts on finding the cause of AIDS. They circulated information informally; they held meetings to exchange ideas; and they published promising findings. A pioneer in this effort was Dr. Robert Gallo of the National Cancer Institute, who only recently had discovered the first two human retroviruses, HTLV-I and HTLV-II. In 1984, research groups led by Dr. Gallo, Dr. Luc Montagnier at the Pasteur Institute in Paris , and Dr. Jay Levy at the University of California , San Francisco , all identified a retrovirus as the cause of AIDS. Each group called the virus by a different name: HTLV-III, LAV, and ARV, respectively. As has happened many times in scientific history, contention emerged about who had been first. In 1987, the president of the United States and the prime minister of France announced a joint agreement on the issue–the first time a medical research question had reached this level political negotiation. More importantly, the identification of that virus, renamed human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, provided a specific target for blood-screening tests and for scientists around the world conducting research to defeat AIDS.

 

Epidemiological Pediction on the Horn of Africa

Saadaal dhinaca cudurada ku saabsan oo lagu sameyeeya degmada Geeska afrika

Alaah ayuun baa og xaqiiqada waxa soo socda hase ahaatee saadasha caqliga kooban ee aadamahu waxay ka sii warantaa waxa iman kara oo aan la hubin,

waxa dhawaan soo baxday warbixin ku saabsan saadaalin lagu sameeyay sida ay cudurada qaar ugu kala badan karaan degmada geeska afrika gaar ahaan dhulka ay soomalidu ku dhaqan tahay iyada oo la adeegsaday farsamooyinta arintaa la xidhiidha ee cilmiga Epidemiology loo yaqaan,

iyada ay saadashu ku salaysan tahay sansaanta hada jirta iyo hab nololeedka lagu jiro waxa mudnaan wayn la siiyay dhinaca arimaha bulsahada sida nabada iyo deganaanshaha, ladnanta iyo saboolnimada, iyo waliba heerka wax qabadka iyo dhinaca wacyi-gelinta iyo ka hor-taga cudurada ee halkaa ka jirta.

hadii degmada la sii kala qaado, dhinaca dalka Jabuuti waxa laga yaaba inay ku sii bataan cudrada la xidhiidha dhinaca wadnaha iyo dhiiga (Cardio vascular) ee ay wadna xanuunka iyo dhiig karku ka mid yihiin, waxa soo raaca cudurka Macaanka (Diabet) oo isna laga yaabo inuu aad ugu sii bato sanadaha soo socda bulshada reer Jabuuti dhecdeeda, dhanka wararka fiican waxa la filayaa inay cuduro badani hoos u dhacaan dalka jabuuti sida cudurada ku xidhan nafaqa-darada iyo daranyada oo ay mid yihiin Qaaxada, shubanka, cudurada nadaafad xumada sida kuwa ku dhaca maqaarka.iyo waliba cudurada faafa oo uu HIV AIDS ugu horeeyo

Dhinaca Somaliland waxa laga yaaba inay waxogaa hoos u dhacaan cuduro aad looga warwar qabay oo ay mid yihii kuwa dhinaca maskaxda iyo nafaqa-darada la xidhiidha sida qaaxada oo kale iyo cudurada galmada ku faafa oo HIV Aids ka mid yahay, cudurada laga yaabo inay kor u kacaan waxa ka mid ah cudurada ku yimaada isku socodka dadka sida cudurada neef-mareenka ku dhaca ( Hargab Daran), cudurada la is qaadsiiyo iyo waliba cudurada macaanka iyo dhiig karka, dhinaca caruurta waxa laga yaaba inay nafaqa-darada iyo fayo-dhawrka ku xidhan inay halkooda joogaan.

dhinaca konfurta somalia saadashu war sidaa u fiican kamay sheegin, cudurada la sii filaayo inay halka u saraysa gaadhaan waxa ka mid ah Kuwa dhinaca maskaxda ku dhaca, cudurada nafaqa-darada iyo nadaafad xumada ku xidhan aya laga yaaba inay sii bataan, dhimashada caruurta da'doodu 5 sano iyo ka yar ay tahay ayaa laga yaaba inay kor u kacdo, waxase iyadana la fili karaa in cudurada dhinaca galmada ku faafa si aad ah hoos ugu dhacaan.

gabagabada warbixintu waxay ku talisay in cid kasta arimaha wax ka qaban kartaa ay xi dheeraad ah iska saarto, gaar ahaan dawaladaha iyo maamulada meelaha ka jira.

       


The Global Eradication of Polio

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

         

Unlocking the Benefits of Garlic

(Daah-fur ku saabsan waxtarka caafimaad ee Toonta)

Allium sativum L. , commonly known as garlic , is a species in the onion family Alliaceae . Its close relatives include

the onion , shallot , and leek . Garlic has been used throughout recorded history for both culinary and medicinal purposes. It has a characteristic pungent, 'hot' flavor that mellows and sweetens considerably with cooking. [1]

Garlic has long been touted as a health booster, but it’s never been clear why the herb might be good for you. Now new research is beginning to unlock the secrets of the odoriferous bulb.

In a study published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers show that eating garlic appears to boost our natural supply of hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide is actually poisonous at high concentrations — it’s the same noxious byproduct of oil refining that smells like rotten eggs. But the body makes its own supply of the stuff, which acts as an antioxidant and transmits cellular signals that relax blood vessels and increase blood flow.

In the latest study, performed at the University of Alabama at Birmingham , researchers extracted juice from supermarket garlic and added small amounts to human red blood cells. The cells immediately began emitting hydrogen sulfide, the scientists found.

The power to boost hydrogen sulfide production may help explain why a garlic-rich diet appears to protect against various cancers, including breast, prostate and colon cancer, say the study authors. Higher hydrogen sulfide might also protect the heart, according to other experts. Although garlic has not consistently been shown to lower cholesterol levels, researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine earlier this year found that injecting hydrogen sulfide into mice almost completely prevented the damage to heart muscle caused by a heart attack.

“People have known garlic was important and has health benefits for centuries,'’ said Dr. David W. Kraus, associate professor of environmental science and biology at the University of Alabama . “Even the Greeks would feed garlic to their athletes before they competed in the Olympic games.'’

Now, the downside. The concentration of garlic extract used in the latest study was equivalent to an adult eating about two medium-sized cloves per day. In such countries as Italy , Korea and China , where a garlic-rich diet seems to be protective against disease, per capita consumption is as high as eight to 12 cloves per day.

While that may sound like a lot of garlic, Dr. Kraus noted that increasing your consumption to five or more cloves a day isn’t hard if you use it every time you cook. Dr. Kraus also makes a habit of snacking on garlicky dishes like hummus with vegetables.

Many home chefs mistakenly cook garlic immediately after crushing or chopping it, added Dr. Kraus. To maximize the health benefits, you should crush the garlic at room temperature and allow it to sit for about 15 minutes. That triggers an enzyme reaction that boosts the healthy compounds in garlic.

Garlic can cause indigestion, but for many, the bigger concern is that it can make your breath and sweat smell like…garlic. While individual reactions to garlic vary, eating fennel seeds like those served at Indian restaurants helps to neutralize the smell. Garlic-powder pills claim to solve the problem, but the data on these supplements has been mixed. It’s still not clear if the beneficial compounds found in garlic remain potent once it’s been processed into a pill.